ОГЛЯД ПРОТОКОЛУ LORA ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ

Vitalii Rudenko

doi:10.26906/SUNZ.2025.2.244

Authors

Vitalii Rudenko

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26906/SUNZ.2025.2.244

Keywords:

LoRa, wireless communication, IoT, chirp spread spectrum modulation, spreading factor, duty cycle, network architecture, ToA

Abstract

This article examines LoRa (Long Range) wireless communication technology as a low-power, longrange data transmission protocol. It highlights the operating principles of the technology based on chirp spread spectrum modulation with spreading factors that ensure communication reliability even in conditions of radio interference and physical obstacles. The aim of the article is to analyze the features of the LoRa protocol operation, investigate network solutions based on it, and review practical applications of the technology in various industries. Results obtained: the presented quantitative indicators regarding the relationship between spreading factor, bandwidth, and data transmission time demonstrate the technology's adaptability to various tasks where reliable communication, rath er than transmission speed, is the priority. Conclusions: implementation of LoRa-based devices significantly increases efficiency in industries covering large areas and in conditions of underdeveloped telecommunications infrastructure, particularly in agri culture, logistics, emergency situations, and combat operations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Lin K., Hao T., Zheng W., He W. Analysis of LoRa Link Quality for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Semiempirical Study. IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC). Singapore, 2019. pp. 120-122. DOI:10.1109/APMC46564.2019.9038666

2. Burden T. What's CHIRP Sonar? WestMarine. 07.01.2025. URL: https://www.westmarine.com/west-advisorelectronics/Understanding-CHIRP-Scanning-Sonar.html.

3. Shilpa B., Gupta H.P., Jha R.K. et al. LoRa interference issues and solution approaches in dense IoT networks: a review. Telecommunication Systems. 2024. Vol. 87. pp. 517–539. DOI: 10.1007/s11235-024-01192-9

4. TEKTELIC Communications Inc. Spreading Factor (SF). TEKTELIC Communications. URL: https://tektelic.com/what-itis/spreading-factor/

5. Semtech Corporation. SX1276. ICs for Sensors/Trackers. URL: https://www.semtech.com/products/wireless-rf/loraconnect/sx1276

6. LoRaWAN® Regional Parameters. LoRa Alliance, Inc. 2020. 90 c. URL: https://lora-alliance.org/wpcontent/uploads/2021/05/RP-2-1.0.3.pdf

7. TEKTELIC Communications Inc. Channel Plan. TEKTELIC Communications. URL: https://tektelic.com/what-it-is/channelplan/

8. Yalcin S. An artificial intelligence-based spectrum sensing methodology for LoRa and cognitive radio networks. International Journal of Communication Systems. 2023. Vol. 36. DOI: 10.1002/dac.5433

9. Cotrim J.R., Kleinschmidt J.H. LoRaWAN Mesh Networks: A Review and Classification of Multihop Communication. Sensors. 2020. Vol. 20. 4273. DOI: 10.3390/s20154273

10. Manzoni P., Merzougui S.E., Palazzi C.E., Pozzan P. A Resilient LoRa-Based Solution to Support Pervasive Sensing. Electronics. 2023. Vol. 12. 2952. DOI: 10.3390/electronics12132952

11. Introduction | Meshtastic. Meshtastic. URL: https://meshtastic.org/docs/introduction/

12. Marketing S. C. Conserving resources and reducing agriculture water waste. Inside Out | Semtech's Corporate Blog. URL: https://blog.semtech.com/improving-nature-restoration-and-eliminating-agriculture-water-waste-with-lora-technology

13. Experimental digital platform LoRa in agriculture | EU CAP Network. Welcome to the EU CAP Network | EU CAP Network. URL: https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/projects/experimental-digital-platform-lora-agriculture_en#tab_id=overview

14. LoRa Alliance. Experimental digital platform LoRa in agriculture. LoRa Alliance. URL: https://lora-alliance.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/04/Digital-Farming-Is-Creating-a-More-Plentiful-Sustainable-Food-System.pdf.

15. LoRa Transmission of Images. Element14. URL: https://community.element14.com/challenges-projects/designchallenges/save-the-bees-design-challenge/b/blog/posts/lora-transmission-of-images

16. Stellin M., Sabino S., Grilo A. LoRaWAN Networking in Mobile Scenarios Using a WiFi Mesh of UAV Gateways. Electronics. 2020. Vol. 9, no. 4. P. 630. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040630

17. Бескрестнов С. Флеш. Facebook. URL: https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=8824964230905216&id=100001751811701

18. Бойко П. Скоротить втрати дронів. ФОКУС. URL: https://focus.ua/uk/digital/587145-skorotit-vtrati-droniv-tvorec-novoyitehnologiyi-dlya-zsu-postrazhdav-u-chernigovi-foto